Impacto de los tratamientos del melasma en la calidad de vida y la autoestima de las mujeres: una revisión integrativa
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18310/2446-4813.2026v12n2.4760Palabras clave:
Melanosis, Calidad de Vida, AutoimagenResumen
Objetivos: Analizar los impactos de los tratamientos para el melasma en la calidad de vida y la autoestima de las mujeres, condición caracterizada como una hiperpigmentación cutánea crónica, multifactorial y recurrente, para la cual aún no existe un protocolo terapéutico estándar consolidado. Fuente de Datos: Se trata de una revisión integrativa de la literatura, realizada entre noviembre y diciembre de 2024, con búsqueda en las bases de datos PubMed, Scopus y Web of Science. Fueron elegibles estudios observacionales e intervencionales publicados entre 2019 y 2024, en inglés y/o portugués, llevados a cabo exclusivamente con mujeres diagnosticadas con melasma y que emplearon instrumentos validados de evaluación de la calidad de vida. La selección y extracción de los datos fueron realizadas de forma independiente por dos investigadores, resolviéndose las divergencias por consenso. De 436 estudios identificados, 19 cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión. Resumen de Conclusiones: Los 19 estudios incluidos presentaron, en su mayoría, diseño intervencional. Se identificó una amplia diversidad terapéutica, con especial énfasis en la hidroquinona, utilizada de forma aislada o en combinación. La calidad de vida fue evaluada predominantemente mediante el instrumento MELASQoL. Los hallazgos indicaron que la reducción de las lesiones hiperpigmentadas se asocia a una mejora significativa de la calidad de vida y la autoestima de las pacientes, mientras que los estudios observacionales confirmaron el impacto negativo del melasma en dichos resultados. Limitaciones como el reducido tamaño muestral y la ausencia de seguimiento a largo plazo restringen la generalización de los resultados, reforzando la necesidad de investigaciones más sólidas.
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